Scarlatti’s virtuosic harpsichord playing was described as being ‘as if ten hundred devils had been at the instrument;’ his 555 solo sonatas brought groundbreaking technical demands such as hand-crossing to a style blending baroque polyphony, lyricism, and the sparkling grandeur of the Spanish court where he worked. Published in 1780, Haydn’s Piano Sonata No. 50 echoes the baroque in its central Largo e sostenuto’s French-overture-like dotted rhythms, followed seamlessly by a rondo marrying sunniness and sobriety, and preceded by a racing Allegro con brio. Written almost concurrently, Mozart’s Sonata K331 with its finale’s famous Turkish march is unusual for opening on a theme and variations rather than a sonata form. Beethoven’s First Piano Sonata of 1796 – in four movements rather than the era’s standard three – is often dubbed the ‘Little Appassionata,’ due to sharing the later sonata’s F minor key and turbulence.